General Types of Literature
Literature can generally be divided into two types; prose and poetry. Prose consists of those written within the common flow of conversation in sentences and paragraphs, while poetry refers to those expressions in verse, with measure and rhyme, line and stanza and has a more melodious tone.
I. PROSE
There are many types of prose. These include novels or biographies, short stories, contemporary dramas, legends, fables, essays, anecdotes, news and speeches.
a. Novel. This is a long narrative divided into chapters. The events are taken from true-to-life stories…and span a long period of time. There are many characters involved. Example: WITHOUT SEEING THE DAWN by Steven Javallena.
b. Short Story. This is a narrative involving one or more characters, one plot and one single impression. Example: THE LAUGHTER OF MY FATHER by Carlos Bulosan.
c. Plays. This is presented on a stage, is divided into acts and each act has many scenes. Example: THIRTEEN PLAYS by Wilfredo M. Guerrero.
d. Legends. These are fictitious narrative, usually about origins. Example: THE BIKOL LEGEND by Pio Duran.
e. Fables. These are also fictitious and they deal with animals and inanimate thins who speak and act like people and their purpose is to enlighten the minds of children to events that can mold their ways and attitudes. Example: THE MONKEY AND THE TURTLE.
f. Anecdotes. These are merely products of the writer’s imagination and the main aim is to bring out lessons to the reader. It can be stories about animals or children. Example: THE MOTH AND THE LAMP.
g. Essay. This expresses the viewpoint or opinion of the writer about a particular problem or event. The best example of this is the Editorial page of a newspaper.
h. Biography. This deals with the life of a person which may be about himself, his autobiography or that of others. Example: CAYETANO ARELLANO by Socorro O. Albert
Literature can generally be divided into two types; prose and poetry. Prose consists of those written within the common flow of conversation in sentences and paragraphs, while poetry refers to those expressions in verse, with measure and rhyme, line and stanza and has a more melodious tone.
I. PROSE
There are many types of prose. These include novels or biographies, short stories, contemporary dramas, legends, fables, essays, anecdotes, news and speeches.
a. Novel. This is a long narrative divided into chapters. The events are taken from true-to-life stories…and span a long period of time. There are many characters involved. Example: WITHOUT SEEING THE DAWN by Steven Javallena.
b. Short Story. This is a narrative involving one or more characters, one plot and one single impression. Example: THE LAUGHTER OF MY FATHER by Carlos Bulosan.
c. Plays. This is presented on a stage, is divided into acts and each act has many scenes. Example: THIRTEEN PLAYS by Wilfredo M. Guerrero.
d. Legends. These are fictitious narrative, usually about origins. Example: THE BIKOL LEGEND by Pio Duran.
e. Fables. These are also fictitious and they deal with animals and inanimate thins who speak and act like people and their purpose is to enlighten the minds of children to events that can mold their ways and attitudes. Example: THE MONKEY AND THE TURTLE.
f. Anecdotes. These are merely products of the writer’s imagination and the main aim is to bring out lessons to the reader. It can be stories about animals or children. Example: THE MOTH AND THE LAMP.
g. Essay. This expresses the viewpoint or opinion of the writer about a particular problem or event. The best example of this is the Editorial page of a newspaper.
h. Biography. This deals with the life of a person which may be about himself, his autobiography or that of others. Example: CAYETANO ARELLANO by Socorro O. Albert
i. News. This is a report of everyday events in society, government,
science and industry, and accidents, happening nationally or not.
j. Oration. This is a formal treatment of a subject and is intended to
be spoken in public. It appeals to the intellect, to the will or to the
emotions of the audience.
II. POETRY
There are three types of poetry and these are the following:
A. Narrative Poetry. This form describes important events in life either
real or imaginary.
The different varieties are:
1. Epic. This is an extended narrative about heroic exploits often under
supernatural control. Example: THE HARVEST SONG OF ALIGUYON translated in
English by Amador T. Daguio
2. Metrical Tale. This is a narrative which is written in verse and can
be classified either as a ballad or a metrical romance. Examples: BAYANI NG
BUKID by Al Perez
3. Ballads. Of the narrative poems, this is considered the shortest and
simplest. It has a simple structure and tells of a single incident. There are
also variations of these: love ballads, war ballads, and sea ballads, humorous,
moral, and historical or mythical ballads. In the early time, this referred to
a song accompanying a dance.
B. Lyric Poetry. Originally, this refers to that kind of poetry meant to
be sung to the accompaniment of a lyre, but now, this applies to any type of
poetry that expresses emotions and feelings of the poet. They are usually
short, simple and easy to understand.
1. Folksongs (Awiting Bayan). These are short poems intended to be sung.
The common theme is love, despair, grief, doubt, joy, hope and sorrow. Example:
CHIT-CHIRIT-CHIT
2. Sonnets. This is a lyric poem of 14 lines dealing with an emotion, a
feeling, or an idea. These are two types: the Italian and the Shakespearean.
Example: SANTANG BUDS by Alfonso P. Santos
3. Elegy. This is a lyric poem which expresses feelings of grief and
melancholy, and whose theme is death. Example: THE LOVER’S DEATH by Ricaredo
Demetillo
4. Ode. This is a poem of a noble feeling, expressed with dignity, with
no definite number of syllables or definite number of lines in a stanza.
5. Psalms (Dalit). This is a song praising God or the Virgin Mary and
containing a philosophy of life.
6. Awit (Song). These have measures of twelve syllables (dodecasyllabic)
and slowly sung to the accompaniment of a guitar or banduria. Example: FLORANTE
AT LAURA by Franciso Balagtas
7. Corridos (Kuridos). These have measures of eight syllables
(octosyllabic) and recited to a martial beat. Example: IBONG ADARNA
C. Dramatic Poetry
1. Comedy. The word comedy comes from the Greek term “komos” meaning
festivity or revelry. This form usually is light and written with the purpose
of amusing, and usually has a happy ending.
2. Melodrama. This is usually used in musical plays with the opera.
Today, this is related to tragedy just as the farce is to comedy. It arouses
immediate and intense emotion and is usually sad but there is a happy ending
for the principal character.
3. Tragedy. This involves the hero struggling mightily against dynamic
forces; he meets death or ruin without success and satisfaction obtained by the
protagonist in a comedy.
4. Farce. This is an exaggerated comedy. It seeks to arouse mirth by
laughable lines; situations are too ridiculous to be true; the characters seem
to be caricatures and the motives undignified and absurd.
5. Social Poems. This form is either purely comic or tragic and it
pictures the life of today. It may aim to bring about changes in he social
conditions.
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